1. Humans and the environment (ENV)
- Demography and disease
- Migration
- Patterns of Settlement
- Religions
- Belief systems, philosophies, and ideologies
- Science and technology
- The arts and architecture
- Political structures and forms of governance
- Empires
- Nations and nationalism
- Revolts and revolutions
- Regional, trans-regional, and global structures and organizations
- Agricultural and pastoral production
- Trade and commerce
- Labor systems
- Industrialization
- Capitalism and Socialism
- Gender roles and relations
- Family and kinship
- Racial and ethnic constructions
- Social and economic classes
6. Technology and Innovation (TEC)
- Human adaptation and innovation
- Efficiency, comfort, and security
- Technological advances and intended and unintended consequences